2019年管理类联考英语二真题及答案

Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numberedblank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

 
Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderfulway to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. ＿1＿ when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it ＿2＿ .
As for me, weighing myself every day causedme to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active tofocusing ＿3＿ on the scale. That was bad to myoverall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, butthinking only of ＿4＿ the number on the scale, I alteredmy training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to ＿5＿ my goals.
I also found weighing myself daily did notprovide an accurate ＿6＿ of the hardwork and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to amonth to notice significant changes in weight ＿7＿ alteringyour training program. The most ＿8＿ changes willbe observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.
For these ＿9＿ , I stoppedweighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule ＿10＿ . Since weight loss is not mygoal, it is less important for me to ＿11＿ my weighteach week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and ＿12＿ any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to ＿13＿ my training program.
I also use my bimonthly weigh-in ＿14＿ to get information about my nutrition as well. If my trainingintensity remains the same, but I’m constantly ＿15＿ and droppingweight, this is a ＿16＿ that I needto increase my daily caloric intake.
The ＿17＿ to stopweighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness andwell-being. I am experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longercarry the burden of a ＿18＿ morningweigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specificfitness goals, ＿19＿ I’m training according to thosegoals, instead of numbers on a scale.
Rather than ＿20＿ over thescale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and youroverall energy level.

1. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D.Besides
2. A. Cares B. warns C. reduces D. helps
3. A. Solely B. occasionally C. formally D.initially
4. A. Lowering B. explaining C. acceptingD. recording
5. A. Set B. review C. reach D. modify
6. A. Depiction B. distribution C.prediction D. definition 
7. A. Regardless of B. aside from C. alongwith D. due to
8. A. Rigid B. precise C. immediate D.orderly
9. A. judgments B. reasons C. methods D.claims
10. A. Though B. again C. indeed D. instead
11. A. Track B. overlook C. conceal D.report
12. A. Approval of B. hold onto C. accountfor D. depend on
13. A. Share B. adjust C. confirm D.prepare
14. Features B. rules C. tests D. results
15. A. Anxious B. hungry C. sick D. bored
16. A. Secret B. belief C. sign D. principle
17. A. Necessity B. decision C. wish D.request
18. A. Surprising B. restricting C.consuming D. disappointing
19. A. Because B. unless C. until D. if
20. A. Dominating B. puzzling C. triumphingD. obsessing
 
答案：

1. 逻辑关系题：文章第一句说定期称体重是一个很好的方式，空格后谈到 hurt 伤害 ia，所 以前后构成转折相反关系，需要填入一个转折词，选 C however。干扰项 A 因此，B 否则， D 除此之外。都不符合题意。
2. 词性题：空前提到伤害大，空格内需要填入与 hurt 的反义词，正确的是 Dhelp 有帮助。 干扰项 A 关心，B 警告，C 减少。
3. 副词题：这句意思是我们会把关注点由原来的通常关注体重和健康转移到__关注体重秤 上面来。此处需要与 generally 通常相反的词，正确的是 solely 仅仅。干扰项 B 偶尔，C 正 式与句意不符。
4. 词性题：仅仅想着__体重秤上的数字，答案是 Alowering 降低，此处用了仅仅用来加强 语气不能选其他，B 解释，C 接受，D 记录。
5. 词性题：我需要训练来__目标，与 goal 搭配,最适合的是 reach 达到，干扰项 A set 设置， B 审查，D 修正
6. 词性题目：准确的__我的努力，已经发生的事，应该用 depiction 描述，不能用预测 predict， 其他词义 distribution 分配 definition 定义 都不对
7. 逻辑题：___改变训练项目，需要三周到一个月时间来注意到体重的明显变化, 此处构成 因果关系，选 D due to 由于，其他 A 不顾，B 除了， C 和都不符合
8. 词性题：前一句讲过体重的变化是最不明显的需要耗费三周到一个月，所以此处讲的应该是最明显的变化，因此选 C 立即的。
9. 逻辑题：前后构成因果关系，因为这些原因，我改变每天秤体重的做法。正确答案 reasons
10. 逻辑题：前半句和后半句明显是一种对比关系，因此选 D instead 反而。
11. 词性题：空后是体重，A track 追踪，正确。B overlook 忽视，C conceal 掩盖，D report 报道，意思不符合。
12. 并列结构：and 前面 observe 观察，与它意思相近的是 C account for 解释说明，每隔一 周称体重，让我观察到一些明显的体重变化并且为他寻找原因。其他项 A 批准赞成，B 紧 紧抓住 ,D 依赖 不符合题意 
13. 词性题：那会告诉我如何__我的训练计划，正确答案是adjust 调整，其他选项 A 分享， C 确认 D 准备
14. 词性题：需要填入的是名词，我会从半月体重称量__得到信息。正确答案是 Dresults 结 果，其他项 A 特色，B 规则 ,C 测试不符合题意
15. 并列结构：and 后是体重下降，此处是并列关系，选择 B 饥饿。其他项 A 焦虑，C 疾病的 ,D 无聊的不符合题意
16. 词性题：体重下降，那是一个__我需要增加卡路里摄入，C 信号，正确。其他项 A 秘 密,B 信念 D 原则 不符合题意
17. 词性题：to 后面的结构是修饰这个空，即停止每天称体重的__ B 决定，正确。其他项 A 必要性,C 希望 D 请求 不符合题意
18. 词性题：of 后边结构修饰前面的burden 负担，所以我们此处填入的形容词也必然是不 好的 D 失望的，正确。其他项 A 惊讶的,C 限制的 C 消耗的不符合题意
19. A 逻辑题：前半句讲获得成功是结果，填入的应该是因为 because 正确。其他项 B 如果 不,C 直到 D 如果 不符合题意
20. D 词性题：此处要填入一个动词，rather than 两个句子构成对比关系，所以我们需要选 出与 focus 意思相近的词，几个词组都可搭配 over， obsess 痴迷 D 正确。其他项 A 统治,B 迷惑 C 成功不符合题意
 
SectionII Reading Comprehension

Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
 
Text1
Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger,guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp ofsocial and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”;rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents andfriends—and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regardso-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing: A child whoclaims responsibility for knocking over a tower and tries to rebuild it isengaging in behavior that’s not only reparative but also prosocial.
In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap.It evokes Freud’s ideas and religious hang-ups. More important, guilt is deeplyuncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted withstones. Who would inflict it upon a child? Yet this understanding is outdated.“There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and whatrole guilt can serve,” Vaish says, adding that this revival is part of a largerrecognition that emotions aren’t binary—feelings that may be advantageous inone context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, mayhave evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness (thinkmania) can be destructive.
And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness,can encourage humans  to atone for errorsand fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperativespecies together. It is a kind of social glue.
Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, apsychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests thatguilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Maltiand others have shown that guilt and sympathy (and its close cousin empathy)may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who arelow in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt,which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy cansubstitute for low guilt.
In a 2014 study, for example, Malti and a colleague looked at 244children, ages 4, 8, and 12. Using caregiver assessments and the children’sself-observations, they rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his orher tendency to feel negative emotions (like guilt and sadness) after moraltransgressions. Then the kids were handed stickers and chocolate coins, andgiven a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids,how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty.The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn’t magically become moresympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.
“That’s good news,” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because of ourempathetic proclivity, or because we caused harm and we feel regret.”

21.  Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it mayhelp__________.
A. regulate a child’s basic emotions
B. improve a child’s intellectual ability
C. intensify a child’s positive feelings
D. foster a child’s moral development
22.  According to Paragraph 2, many people still guilt to be_________.
A. deceptive
B. addictive
C. burdensome
D. inexcusable
23. Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from anawareness that________.
A. an emotion can play opposing roles
B. emotions are socially constructive
C. emotional stability can benefit health
D. emotions are context -independent
24.  Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing_______.
A. may help correct emotional deficiencies
B. can bring about emotional satisfaction
C. can result from either sympathy or guilt
D. may be the outcome of impulsive acts
25.  The word “transgressions” (line4 para5) is closest in meaning to________.
A. wrongdoings B. discussions C. restrictions  D. teachings

21. 答案【A】foster a child’smoral development 
解析：本题目为因果关系题，考察因果关系对应关系。根据题干关键词guiltcan be a good thing 定位到第一段最后一句。因果关系题找到原因定位句，根据最后一句 this is why……可得知 应该是题点的上一句，即第一段倒数第二句“Children aren\'tborn knowing how to say “ I am sorry”; rather, they learn over time that suchstatements appease parents and friends--and their own consciences.”，这句的意思是孩子不是生来就知道如何说“对不起”，而是随着时间而学习到的，这种说法可以安慰一下他的父母朋友，以及他们自己的道德心（良 心）。但是这句话实际是个例子，所以我们可以进一步往前看一句，就是第一段第一句的后 半句主句，“guilt emerges a little later,in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms.内疚出现的稍晚一点，伴随着孩子对于社会和道德准则的理解的逐渐增多”这句 就可以得出答案 A，foster achild’s moral development 培养了孩子的道德发展是 a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms 这句的同义改写。干扰项 B 的 regulate a child\'s basic emotions 原文提及到基本情感，但并未提及 regulate 管理，干扰项 C. improve a child\'sintellectual ability 和 D. intensity a child’s positive feelings 都为提及。
22. 答案【D】burdensome 
解析：本题目为具体细节题。根据题干中的 many peoplestill consider guilt to be 定位到原文 第二段的第一和第二句，原文的 in the popularimagination 与题干中的 manypeople still consider 是同义转化，紧接着第二句继续说 it is deeply uncomfortable-it’s emotional equivalent of wearing ajacket weighted with stones,意思是内疚感是让人感到非常不舒服的，它是穿着石头那么重的夹克在情感上的对等物，意思就是内疚感让人感到很沉重，有负担，而正确答案 D 的 burdensome 正是是原文内容的同义替换。A 是不可原谅的， B 是欺骗，C 是上瘾的，都不符合文意。
23. 答案【B】 an emotion can play opposing roles
解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词 Vaish hold that rethinking about guilt 定位到第二段第四句。她补充道，在某种情况下可能有利的得情绪在另一种情况下是有害的， 后面具体例子，嫉妒和愤怒可能演变成提醒我们注意重要的不平等。正确答案 B的 emotion 是原文 feelings 的同义替换，can play opposing roles 是原文的 advantageous in one context maybe harmful in another 的同义转化。干扰项 A 的context-independent 独立于环境和原文提及不 同的环境情绪的作用不同相反，属于正反混淆；选项 C 的 socially constructive 原文并未提 及，属于无中生有；选项 D 的 emotionalstability can benefit health 情绪稳定能够有益健康，并 未提及，是常识性干扰
24. 答案【C】 can result from either sympathy orguilt 
解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词 Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing 定位到第四段第三句。马尔蒂和其他人已经表明，内疚和同情可能 代表合作和分享的不同途径。正确答案 C 的 sympathy 和 guilt 是文中的原词， result from 是原文 represent 的同义替换，干扰项 A 可能帮助纠正情绪缺陷，原文是 compensate for anemotional deficiency 弥补感情上的缺陷，并且原文主语只有内疚感并没有同情，属于偷换概念。属于正反混淆；选项 B can bring aboutemotional satisfaction 可以带来情绪的满足感， 原文并未提及，属于无中生有；选项 D 的 may be the outcome of impulsiveacts 可能是冲  动行为的结果，原文是内疚会抑制他们更坏的冲动，属于偷换概念。
25. 答案【A】 wrongdoings 
解析：本题目为猜词题，考察上下文内容。根据题干信息定位到第五段第四句。hisor her tendency to feel negative emotions (like guilt and sadness) after moraltransgressions. 在道德什 么之后感到负面情绪，肯定是道德负面的状态下才会有负面情绪，正确答案 A 的 wrongdoings 是错误，不道德行为。干扰项 B discussions 讨论，和原文意思不符，道德讨 论不成立，C 选项restrictions 道德限制，不成立。选项 D 的 teachings 教诲;学说;
 
Text 2
Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in thefight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up agood share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their abilityto do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us withforests that emit more carbon than they absorb.
Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap—but it involves strikinga subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable \"carbon sinks\"long into the future may require reducing their capacity to sequester carbonnow. Californiais leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out thedetails.
The state\'s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts tothin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest, including bycontrolled burning. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But theremaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they growand thrive, restoring the forest\'s capacity to pull carbon from the air.Healthy trees are also better able to fend off bark beetles. The landscape isrendered less combustible. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees areconsumed.
The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since2010, drought and beetles have killed more than 100 million trees in California, most of themin 2016 alone, and wildfires have scorched hundreds of thousands of acres.
California\'s plan envisions treating 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020,and 60,000 by 2030 —financed from the proceeds of the state\'s emissions-permitauctions. That\'s only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, anestimated half a million acres in all, so it will be important to prioritizeareas at greatest risk of fire or drought.
The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody materialremoved from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber, burned asbiofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels, or used incompost or animal feed. New research on transportation biofuels is under way,and the state plans to encourage lumber production close to forest lands. Infuture the state proposes to take an inventory of its forests\' carbon-storingcapacity every five years.
State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, includingthose owned by the U.S. Forest Service, but traditionally they\'ve focused onwildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have theycome to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California\'s plan, whichis expected to be finalized by the governor early next year, should serve as amodel. 

26. “One of the harder challenges” implies ___
A. global climate change may get out of control
B. forests may become a potential threat
C. people may misunderstand global warming
D. extreme weather conditions may arise
27.  To maintain forests as valuable \"carbon sinks\", we mayneed to _
A.preserve diversity of species
B. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity
C. accelerate the growth of young trees
D. strike a balance among different plants
28.  California\'sForest Carbon Plan endeavors to ___
A. restore its forests quickly after wildfires.
B. cultivate more drought resistant trees.
C. find more effective ways to kill insects
D. reduce the density of some of its forests
29.  What is essential to California\'splan according to para. 5?
A. To obtain enough financial support
B. To carry it out before 2020
C. To handle the areas in the serious danger first
D. To perfect the emission-permit auctions
30.  the author\'s attitude toward California\'s plan can be best described as____
A. supportive B. ambiguous C. tolerant D. cautious

26. 答案【B】 forests may become a potentialthreat
解析：本题目为推断题，考察推理判断能力。根据题干关键词 One ofthe harder challenges 定位到第一段第一，二句。森林为我们提供了阴凉、宁静的环境，是应对气候变化斗争中更艰巨的挑战之一。即使我们人类指望森林吸收我们生产的大部分二氧化碳，我们也威胁着森 林吸收二氧化碳的能力。正确答案 B 的 forests may become a potentialthreat 森林可能成为潜 在的威胁，是原文 we are threatening their ability to do so. 我们也威胁着森林吸收二氧化碳的 能力的同义替换，选项中的 threat 替换原文的 threatening。干扰项 A 的 globalclimate change may get out of contro 全球气候变化可能失控原文并未提及，属于无中生有；选项 C 的 people maymisunderstand global warming 人们可能误解全球变暖 原文并未提及，属于无中生有； 选项 D的 extremeweather conditions may arise 可能出现极端天气情况并未提及，是过度推理。
27. 答案【B】 lower their present carbon-absorbingcapacity 
解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词 Tomaintain forests as valuable \"carbon sinks\",定位到第二段第二句。Helping forests flourishas valuable \"carbon sinks\" long into the future may require reducingtheir capacity to sequester carbon now.随着\"carbon sinks\"长期存在，帮助森林繁荣可能需要减少它们现在吸收碳的能力。题干中的 need 定位原文中的 require， 正确答案 lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity 降低他们目前的碳吸收能力，lower 降 低替换原文的 reducing 减少，capacity 文中原词，carbon-absorbing 替换原文 sequester carbon。干扰项 A 的 preservediversity of species 保护物种多样性，原文并未提及，属于无中生有；选项 C 的 accelerate the growth of youngtrees 促进幼树生长，选项Dstrike a balance among different plants 在不同植物之间取得平衡，故正确答案为 B
28 答案【D】 reduce the density of some of itsforests
解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词California\'s Forest Carbon Plan 第 三段第一句，题干中 endeavors to 努力做替换原文的 double efforts to，原文 thin out young trees and clearbrush in parts of the forest, including by controlled burning 通过控制燃烧，使部分 森林中的幼树变薄，清除灌木。选项 D reduce the density of some of its forests 减少一些森林 的密度，正是原文幼树变薄，清除灌木的同意转换。干扰项 A restore its forests quickly after wildfires.野火过后迅速恢复森林。无关信息。选项 B cultivate moredrought resistant trees. 培 育更多的抗旱树木。正反混淆。选项 C，find more effective ways to killinsects 找到更有效的 杀虫方法，属于无关信息。
29 答案【C】To handle the areas in the seriousdanger first 先处理严重危险地区
解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词 California\'splan according to para. 5 定位到第五段第二句，题干中的 essential 替换到 so it will be important to prioritize areas at greatest risk offire or drought.中的 important，因此，将火灾或干旱风险最大的地区列为优先 重点将是重要的。正确选项 C To handle the areas in the serious danger first 先处理严重危险地 区，其中原文 prioritize 替换选项 handle ...first, areas in the serious danger 替换原文的 areas at greatest risk。干扰选项 ATo obtain enough financialsupport，获得足够的财政支持，原文并未 提及，属于常识性干扰。B 选项 To carry it out before 2020 在 2020 年前实施 选项 DTo perfect the emission-permit auctions 完善排污权拍卖制度，均属于无关信息。
30 答案【A】supportive
解析：本题目为态度题，考察作者态度。根据题干关键词California\'s plan 定位到最后一段 最后一句，California\'s plan, which isexpected to be finalized by the governor early next year, should serve as amodel.预计明年年初州长将敲定该法案，这应该可以作为一个范例，起到榜 样作用，因此作者采取正面态度，A supportive 支持的，B ambiguous 含糊的 C. tolerant 忍受 的 D. cautious 谨慎的，只有 A 表达正面支持的态度 
 
Text 3
American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages forseveral years now. Given a multi-year decline in illegal immigration, and asimilarly sustained pickup in theU.S.job market, the complaints areunlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.
Efforts to create a more straightforward agricultural-workers visathat would enable foreign workers to stay longer in theU.S.and changejobs within the industry have so far failed in Congress. If this doesn’tchange, American businesses, communities and consumers will be the losers.
Perhaps half ofU.S.farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter theU.S., thecharacteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today’s farmlaborers, while still predominantly born inMexico, are more likely to besettled, rather than migrating, and more likely to be married than single. Theyare also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workerswere over the age of 35. Now, more than half are. And crop picking is hard onolder bodies.
One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausibleas it has been all along: Native U.S. workers won’t be returning to the farm.
In a study published in 2013, economist Michael Clemens analyzed 15years of data on North Carolina’s farm-labor market and concluded, “There isvirtually no supply of native manual farm laborers” in the state. This was trueeven in the depths of a severe recession.
Mechanization is not the answer either—not yet at least. Productionof corn, cotton, rice, soybeans and wheat have been largely mechanized, butmany high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. Evendairy farms, where robots currently do only a small share of milking, have along way to go before they are automated.
As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporaryguest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the agricultural workforce.Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016the number of visas issued more than doubled.
The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa fornonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 annually. Even so, employersfrequently complain that they aren’t allotted all the workers they need. Theprocess is cumbersome, expensive and unreliable. One survey found thatbureaucratic delays led H-2A workers to arrive on the job an average of 22 dayslate. And the shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which removesome workers and drive others underground.
Petitioning each year for laborers—and hoping the governmentprovides enough, and that they arrive on time—is no way to run a business. In a2012 survey by the California Farm Bureau, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers andnearly 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor.Some western growers have responded by movingoperations toMexico. Withoutreliable access to a reliable workforce, more growers will be tempted to movesouth.
According to a report by the Partnership for a New American Economy,Americans are consuming more fresh produce, which is good. But a rising shareof it is grown elsewhere. In 1998-2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit Americansconsumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of importedfruit had increased to 25.8 percent. RuralU.S.communities that might havebenefited didn’t. 
In effect, theU.S.can import food or it can import the workers who pick it. TheU.S.needs a simpler, streamlined, multi-yearvisa for agricultural workers, accompanied by measures to guard againstexploitation and a viable path toU.S.residency for workers who meetthe requirements. Otherwise growers will continue to struggle with shortagesand uncertainty, and the country as a whole will lose out.
31.  What problem should be addressed according to the first twoparagraphs?
A. discrimination against foreign workers in theU.S.
B. biased laws in favor of some American businesses.
C. flaws in US immigration rules for farm workers.
D. decline of job opportunities inUSagriculture.
32.   One trouble with US. Agriculture workforce is___
A. the rising number of illegal immigrants.
B. the high mobility of crop workers.
C. the lack of experienced labors.
D. the aging of immigrant farm workers.
33.   What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in USfarming?
A. To attract younger laborers to farm work.
B. To get native US workers back to farming.
C. To use more robots to grow high-value crops.
D. To strengthen financial support for famers.
34.   Agriculture employers complain about the H-2A visa for its____?
A. slow granting procedures.
B. limit on duration of stay.
C. tightened requirements.
D. control of annual admissions.
35.   Which of the following could be the best title for this text?
A.USAgriculture in Decline.
B. Import Food or Labor?
C. America Saved byMexico?
D. Manpower vs. Automation?
31. 答案 C. flaws inUS immigration rules for farm workers.
解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。题目问的是应该被解决的问题是什么，所以先定位 到第一段，在第二句话中有提到，在没有对于农场工人相关的移民规则进行彻底修订之前， 抱怨是不会停止的。由此可见，之所以抱怨是因为有问题。所以，问题就和移民规则有关。 选项 C 就有提到，其中 flaw 就是问题，瑕疵的意思。
32. 答案 D. theaging of immigrant farm workers.
解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。题目问的是美国农业劳动力的问题之一是什么。根 据段落定位到第三段，在倒数第三句有提到，他们也正在变老。后面举例说世纪初的时候， 三分之一的工人是 35 岁以上，现在是超过一半。这和选项 C 的内容不谋而合。
33. 答案 B. To getnative US workers back to farming.
解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。题目问的是美国农业劳动力缺乏的解决方案是什么。  根据段落定位到第四段，这种劳动力缺乏的解决方案之一仍旧是一如既往的不合理，冒号后 面提到本土的工人是不会回到农场的。由此可见，解决方法就是让美国人自己去干活。这和 选项 B 是一样的。
34. 答案 A. slowgranting procedures.
解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。题目问的是农场主们抱怨 H-2A 的原因是什么。根 据专有名词定位在第 7 和 8 段，又根据题干另一关键词 employer 可以直接定位在第 8 段的 第二句话：雇主们经常抱怨说他们分配不到所有需要的工人。紧接着就提到了过程很繁琐，昂贵和不可靠。所以，他们不满的就是这个过程，对应到了procedure.
35. 答案 B. ImportFood or Labor?
解析：本题目为主旨题。文章在第一段就提到美国劳动力缺乏，紧接着提到了现状以及解决 方案的不足，然后在最后一段进行总结，美国要么进口食品，要么进口劳动力。所以选项 B 最概括，最全面。
 
Text 4
Arnold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a messagefor you: It’s easy to beat plastic. They’re part of a bunch of celebritiesstaring in a new video for World Environment Day-encouraging you, the consumer,to swap out your single-use Plastic staples to combat the plastic crisis.
If only I’d realized that we can buy our way out of the problemexcept we can’t.
The key messages that have been put together for World EnvironmentDay do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-usplastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals: Lead withyour wallets.
The problem of perpetuating this individualistic narrative is thatit\'s not going to get us very far and the plastics crisis we face is immense.Our oceans are blighted by the stuff. It\'s in our drinking water (includingbottled water), and we could even be breathing it in.
I\'m not dismissing individual actions like ordering straw-freedrinks at bars, or opting for a reusable water bottle over a cup that\'s goingin the trash as soon as you\'ve used it. I can\'t imagine not at least trying tominimize my own plastics footprint, whether it\'s lugging home my newly-refilledgallon bottle of washing-up liquid every few months, or buying packaging-freefood, clothing and toiletries where possible.
On their own, however, none of these things is enough.
Part of my worry about leaving it up to the individual is that we\'reall just guessing at what\'s going on out there-and that\'s if we haven\'t beenscared off from doing anything to start with in the face of such a hugechallenge. As consumers, we have little idea about how much plastic has beenused and discarded along the supply chain, for example. It\'s also hard tocompare, say, going to a bulk store that sells plastic-free products butrequires you to drive some distance versus a more Iccal shop where you may endup taking home some packaged items.
There’s also a time and cost issue. Realistically, I\'m not going tostart making my own laundry detergents so I can avoid the plastic bottles theycome in, and there can be extra costs associated with environmentally friendlyproducts. 
My biggest concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, isour limited sense of what needs to be achieved On their own, taking our ownbags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, willaccomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental,satisfying a need to have \"done our bit\" without ever progressingonto bigger, bolder, more effective actions---a kind of \"morallicensing\" that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and askingmore of those in charge.
While the conversation around our environment and our responsibilitytoward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we\'re ignoring thebalance of power that implies that as \"consumers\" we must shopsustainably, rather than as \"citizens\" hold our governments and industriesto account to push for real systemic change. Nowhere in World Environment Day2018\'s key messages is there anything about voting for environmentallyprogressive politicians, for example. Why not?
It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’spriority-or even most people’s. We shouldn’t expect it to be .In her latestbook, Why Could People Do Bad Environmental Things, Wellesley Collegeprofessor Elizabeth R. De Sombre argue that the best way to collectively changethe behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.
This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that addsa cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plasticsaltogether.Indiahas just announced it will” eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by2022.” There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmentalchoices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trashdisposal.
De Sombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about theenvironment. It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for thatto be only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.
None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just aboutputting things into perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We needprogressive policies that shape collective action (and rein in pollutingbusiness), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change. That’s not somethingwe can buy.
36.  Some celebrities star in a new video to
A. demand new laws on the use of plastics
B. urge consumers to cut the use of plastics
C. invite public opinion on the plastics crisis
D. disclose the causes of the plastics crisis
37.  The author is concerned that “moral licensing” may
A. mislead us into doing worthless things
B. prevent us from making further efforts
C. weaken our sense of accomplishment
D. suppress our desire for success
38.  By pointing out our identity as “citizens,” the author indicatesthat 
A. our focus should be shifted to community welfare
B. our relationship with local industries is improving
C. we have been actively exercising our civil rights
D. We should press our governments to lead the combat
39.  De Sombre argues that the best way for a collective changeshould be
A. a win-win arrangement
B. a self-driven mechanism
C. a cost- effective approach
D. a top down process
40.  The author concludes that individual efforts
A. can be too aggressive
B. are far from sufficient
C. can be too inconsistent
D. are far from rational
36. 答案【B】 urge consumers to cut the use ofplastics
解析：根据题干的关键词 celebrities, star, in anew video,我们可以回文定位到第一段第二句话 “They are part of a bunch of celebrities staring in a new video for...” 出 现此 事 的 目 的 是 “encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plasticstaples to combat the plastic crisis.”由此可见第二个选项和原文属于统一置换，得答案。
37. 答案【B】prevent us from making furtherefforts
解析：此题干是作者 concerned，还有一个关键词“moral licensing”回文定位到第九段，段首 my biggest concern 定位；“without ever progressive ontobigger, bolder, more effective actions” 即 moral licensing。Without 的内容就是作者最担忧的内容，此题得解。
38. 答案【D】we should press our governments tolead the combat
解析：通过题干关键词“citizens”定位到第十段一句话。词句中是一个比较结构 rather thancitizens hold our governments and industries to account to push to real systemicchange,这句话的 主语是我们忽视的内容是这样子的，那由 rather than 进行转折，作者的观点就是我们不应忽略的内容，所以，和第三个答案异曲同工，都是希望政府起到主导作用。
39. 答案【D】 a top-down process
解析：通过题干人名，最好的方式，collective change 定位到倒数第四段最后一句；最好的 方式是直接定位到 for the change to be structural.由此可见是结构性的变革，再加上下面两段的例证，得此题答案彻底性的变革。
40. 答案【B】 are far from sufficient
解析：根据题干定位到最后一段。第一句说并不是个体不重要，第二句说只是我们要换个角 度，第三句我们不能等，第四句我们需要 progressivepolicies...等等，都说明个体重要但是这 个是力量有限的，需要其他方面的跟进。所以此题选择了第二个选项。
 
Part B 
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing themost suitable subheading from the list A–G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41–45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Markyour answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Five ways to make conversation with anyone in choosing a new home,Camille McClain’s kids have a single demand: a backyard.
McClain’s little ones aren’t the only kids who have an option whenit comes to housing, and in many cases youngsters’ views weigh heavily onparents’ real estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of morethan 2000USadults.
While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leavekids in the dark about real estate decisions, reality agents and psychologistshave mixed views about the financial, personal and long-term effects kids’opinions may have.
The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great ideabecause it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can bean overwhelming process, and Ryan Hooper, a clinical psychologist in Chicago.
“ Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significantmoves, especially if it removes them from their current school or supportsystem,” he said.
Greg Jaroszewski, a real estate brokers with Gagliardo RealtyAssociates, said he’s not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting ahome- but their options should be considered to regards to proximity to friendsand social activities, if possible.
Younger children should feel like they’re choosing their home-without actually getting a choice in the matter, said ADAM Bailey, a realestate attorney based in New York.Asking them questions about what they likeabout the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they’re beingincluded in the decision-making process, Bailey said.
Many of the aspects of home buying aren’t a consideration forchildren, said Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif.And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic homepurchase.
“Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decisionis wise, but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions.”Hampson said.
The other issue is that many children - especially older ones - maybase their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows, said Aaron Norris of The NorrisGroup in Riverside , Calif .
“They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us,”he said. “HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate. It’s notshelter , it’s a lifestyle. With that mindset change come some serious moneyconsequences.”
Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits tothem personally, Norris said.
Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desiresmay change over time, said Julie Gurner, a real estate analyst withFitSmallBusiness.com. 
“Their opinions can change tomorrow,” Gurner said. “Harsh as it maybe to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child’sopinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home canmeet their needs best - and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit andmake it their own.”
This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as moreparents want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housingcrunch.
 

A. notes that aspects like children’s  friends and social activities should be considered up on home-buying.
41. Ryan Hopper
B. believes that home-buying should be  based on children’s need’s rather than their opinions.
42. Adam Bailey
C. Assumes that many children’s views on  real estate are influenced by the media.
43. Tracey Hampson
D. remarks that significant moves may  pose challenges to children.
44. Aaron Norris
E. says that it is wise to leave kids in  the dark about real estate decisions.
45. Julie Garner
F. advise that home purchase should not  be based only on children’s opinions.

G. thinks that children should be given a  sense of involvement in home-buying decisions.
 
41.【D】 解析：根据 Ryan Hooper 定位到文章第四段和第五段，其中第五段提到：“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significantmoves, especially if it removes them from their current school or supportsystem,” he said. 其中，significant moves 和 children 都在 D 选项中复现，而 childrenmay face serious difficulties 与 D 选项 中的..may pose challenges to children 是同义替换，故 D 为正确答案。

42.【G】 解析：根据 Adam Bailey 定位到文章第七段和第八段，其中第八段提到：Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of apotential home — or asking them where their toys would go in the house — willmake them feel like they’re being included in the decision-making process,Bailey said. 其中， feel likethey’re being included in the decision-making process 恰好与 G 选项 a sense of involvement in homebuying decisions 形成同义替换，故 G 为正确答案

43.【F】 解析：根据 TraceyHampson 定位到文章第九段和第十段，其中第十段提到：but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions。其中, base...on decision 和 purchase 都在 F 选项中复现，而 solely 与 F 选项中的 only 是同义替换， 故 F 为正确答案。

44.【C】 解析：根据 Anron Norris 定位到文章第十一段、第十二段和第十三段，其中第十一段提到：The other issue is that manychildren — especially older ones — may base their real estate knowledge on HGTVshows...。其中, realestate 和 children 都在 C 选项中复现，而 base...on HGTV shows 与 C 选项中的 areinfluenced by the media 是同义替换，故 C 为正确答案。

45.【B】 解析：根据 Julie Gurner 定位到文章第十四段和第十五段，其中第十五段提到：...that decision should likely notbe made contingent on a child’s opinions, but rather made for them with greatconsideration into what home can meet their needs best..。其中, decision should likely not bemade...on a child’s opinions, but rather...can meet their needs 与 B 选项中的...decision should be based on children’s needs rather than theiropinions 是同义替换，故 B 为正确答案。

Section III Translation

46. Directions: Translatethe following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)
It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot. He hadsuch a pleasant, readable style that are might think that anyone could imitateit. How many times have I heard people say, “I could write a book, I just haven’tthe time” Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popularopinion did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a goat the writing game”. While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent,the final polished work that he have to the world was the result of years ofpracticing, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had tosuffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these  made him all the more determined to succeed.Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in theliteracy field was no exception.
【真题译文】 人们很容易低估了英国小说家詹姆斯·赫里欧。他的作品有一种令人愉快、易读 的风格，大概就让人以为任何人都能模仿他。我总是听人说：我也可以写书，就 是我没有时间。这话说得轻松，做得到可不容易。与大众的观点相反，詹姆斯·赫 里欧在他早期，用他的话说，“在写作游戏中尝试”并不容易。他显然极具天赋， 但他留给世人的最终的、精雕细琢的作品却是多年练习、重写和阅读的结果。和大多数作家一样，他在写作过程中也遭受了许多失望和拒绝，但这些都使他更加坚定了成功的决心。他一生中所取得的一切成就都是来之不易的，他在文学领域 的成功也不例外。

Section IV Writing
Part A

47. Directions:
Suppose professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme ofcity traffic. Write him an email to
1) suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and
2) tell him your arrangement. You should write about 100 words onthe ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not writeyour address. (10 points)
解析： 今年的英语二小作文又考察了书信的形式，还是在意料之中的。从历年来的考查形式来看：无论是英语一还是英语二，小作文考查书信类和告示类两种。其中，从近年的考频来说， 书信是考查的重点。在英语二中，小作文考查了 10 年，其中，9 年都考查到了书信。但从 内容来说今年的英语二的小作文有点难度。再次考察了介绍性的内容为主的信。英语二之前的小作文虽然考过介绍性的信，但都是内容相对单一的话题，如 17 年考察的介绍中国文化 的演讲内容的介绍，这一次不仅有安排介绍，还要给出建议的主题和原因，内容比较多样，不像之前的建议话题那样单一。
写作时，按照一般顺序。第一段写过渡性内容和写信目的；第二段具体给出拟定的讨论 话题并给出理由和讨论的安排；第三段表达客套性内容和期待。本文的三段内容可以这样安排：。一段中因为本文的收信人是教授，属于稍正式的信件，但毕竟是认识的人，所以在第一段就不写自我介绍了，表达很开心接到这个任务并会认真完成，之后说明写信目的。第二段具体给出一个讨论的主题并给出原因和安排。第三段表示希望对方给予建议并期待讨论会圆满举办。
另外，注意小作文的评分侧重点。考研大纲指出：A 节作文的评分侧重点在于信息点 的覆盖、内容的组织、语言的准确性、格式和语域的恰当。对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求  将根据具体试题作调整。允许在作文中使用提示语中出现过的个别关键词或词组，但使用提 示语中出现过的句子将被扣分。这一点一定要引起重视！

范文：
Dear Prof.Smith,
I feel really delighted and honored to have the opportunity tosuggest and plan a debate on the theme of city traffic, and I’m writing tocontribute my personal view on this debate.
I would be ready to discuss this matter in further details. As forthe topic, I hold the opinion that we may focus on “Low-carbon Commuting”.Owing to the fact that the quality of air in our city is far from satisfyingand most of us frequently experience traffic jam due to too many private car onthe road, it is environment-friendly to choose those clean-energy vehicles andpublic transportation. The debate will explore some specific effective measuresto achieve low carbon transport. Participants can be divided into two groups topresent their view alternatively and the one contribute more appealing meanswill be the winner and awarded prizes.
Those two aspects are what I would like to emphasize, and I wouldlike to know of your opinions on this and I wish you could give me some furtherideas on it. I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours faithfully,
Li Ming
 
Part B

48. Directions:
Write an essay based onthe chart below. In your writing, you should
1) interpret the chart,and
2) give your comments. Youshould write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)



一段：As isapparently demonstrated in the bar chart above, we are informed someinformation in terms of the changes of college graduates’ choices after theirgraduation in 2013 and 2018. To be more specific, the number of those choosingto engage in a job declined slightly, decreasing approximately 8%, from 68.1%in 2013 to 60.7% in 2018. On the contrary, the amount of those who selected topursue further  study rose remarkably,increasing roughly 8%. While the quantity of those who started a businessremained stable and steady, accounting for the least proportions. 
二段： There are diverse componentscontributing to the above trend, but generally speaking, they may put down tothe following three aspects. Initially, there is no denying that in the pastyears, quite a few students may be confronted with pressure from finance andfamily, as a result of which, they tend to chiefly choose to take a job tocover their living expenses, however, recent years it has been obvious to seethe recession of economy, so an increasing number of students would like toweapon themselves through pursuing further study. Additionally, in recentyears, we have witnessed serious employment situations, coupled with a factthat an amount of individuals would like to fulfill the dreams with highereducation, or alternatively some with the intention to broaden their horizonsat universities, which triggers people in mounting numbers to select to pursuefurther study. Ultimately, there is another factor that starting an undertakingis an effective approach to fulfill a dream as a boss and to create more value,nevertheless, they may be faced with a great deal of risks on the way tostarting a business, which should be taken into account.
三段： Based onthe discussion above, a conclusion can be drawn safely that diverse motivesdrive college students to make various choices after their graduation. Giventhe reasons above, it is well predicted that there will be an increasing numberof graduates to choose to engage in work or pursue further study in theforthcoming years. However, facing choices, there is no right or wrong,whichever road you may select, only through constant efforts, can you fulfillyour dreams. 2019 级考研英语二结束之后看到大家发的状态非常好，这也反映出了今年英语二试卷的难易程度。整体来看英语二的试卷偏向于简单，写作也是如此。横向与英语一对比，英语二试 卷比英语一简单太多， 纵向和历年真题对比，今年的英语二也是比较简单的。下面帅波老师全面给大家解析英语二的写作解析。今年英语二的大作文题目如下： 

2013年和2018年本科毕业生毕业去向

 
对于这个题目，考生应该确定是什么类型的图标，很明显，这是一个柱状图。然后确定话题和主题词，主题词是关于大学毕业生的毕业去向选择问题，这是一个现象评述型作文。 全文分成三段，不需要写标题。
第一段大致写 3-4 句。第一句是主题句，也就是告诉别人这是一个关于什么的大作文， 可以这样写：这个柱状图清晰地反映了 2013 年和 2018 年大学毕业生毕业去向的选择变化。 然后第二句、第三句和第四句都是对于图表中具体数据的描述。描图这三句话句是最难写的，没有现成的模板可以参考。第二句，先介绍选择就业的学生数量变化，2018 年和 2013 年相 比数量稍微下降。第三句话，写选择升学深造的学生数量上升。第四句，写选择创业的学生数量基本保持稳定，是占比例最小的。
第二段大概写 4 句话。第一句是分析原因之前的总体概括句。第二句是原因一，即分析 选择就业的学生数量稍微下降的原因，考生可以从就业形势严峻这个角度来写。第三句是原 因二，这一句分析选择升学深造的学生数量上升的原因，可以写为了丰富自己、实现高学历 的梦想或者开拓眼界等角度来写。第四句是原因三，这一句分析创业的人数保持稳定占比例最小的原因，考生可以写创业有风险或者缺少资金的角度来写。
第三段会写 3 句话。第一句是结论句，得出一个结论，即基于上述的分析或者讨论，我们可以很有把握得得出一个结论，不同的动机激励着大学生做出不同的选择。第二句是趋势预测，可以这样写，鉴于上述原因，可以很好地预测到在未来的几年会有更多的学生选择继续深造或者就业。最后一句是全文结尾句，提出美中不足，或者给出建议，考生可以这样写：面对选择，没有对错之分，要实现梦想一定通过不断的努力。

2019年考研已经到今天已经告一段落，今年的考研人数是史上之最，人数最多的一年。对完答案，是狂喜还是失落。
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